Abstract Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of allogeneic mesenchymal stem-cells and autologous mononuclear cells to promote sensorimotor recovery and tissue rescue. Methods: Female rabbits were submitted to the epidural balloon inflation method and the intravenous cells administrations were made after 8 hours or seven days after injury induction. Sensorimotor evaluation of the hindlimbs was performed, and the euthanasia was made thirty days after the treatment. Spinal cords were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: Both therapies given 8 hours after the injury promoted the sensorimotor recovery after a week. Only the group treated after a week with mononuclear cells showed no significant recovery at post-injury day 14. In the days 21 and 28, all treatments promoted significant recovery. Histopathological analysis showed no difference among the experimental groups. Our results showed that both bone marrow-derived cell types promoted significant sensorimotor recovery after injury, and the treatment made at least a week after injury is efficient. Conclusion: The possibilities of therapy with bone marrow-derived cells are large, increasing the therapeutic arsenal for the treatment of spinal cord injury.

O AVC é o recordista em número de óbitos e a maior causa de incapacidade no Brasil. Apesar das inúmeras pesquisas realizadas ao longo dos últimos anos não há terapias farmacológicas adequadas para este quadro e, neste cenário, as terapias celulares vêm sendo consideradas como alternativas terapêuticas para diminuir as perdas funcionais decorrentes do AVC. Nesta revisão comentaremos os resultados de diversos estudos pré-clinicos e de alguns clínicos que utilizaram diferentes tipos de células-tronco em AVC.

Stroke is the leading cause of death and incapacity in Brazil. Over the last few years, numerous preclinical and clinical studies have been carried out, however to date, none of the drugs tested in these studies were effective in patients. The emerging field of stem cell research has raised hope of therapy to ameliorate the functional loss after strokes. In this review we will discuss the results of several preclinical studies and clinical trials using different types of stem cells in the treatment of strokes.

O óxido nítrico apresenta diversos papéis biológicos e a óxido nítrico sintase (ONS) é expressa no sistema nervoso, co-localizando-se com a NADPH-diaforase. As camadas superficiais do colículo superior (CS), as quais recebem aferências retinianas e corticais, possuem marcação para NADPH-diaforase numa sub-população de neurônios que inclui todos os tipos celulares. Previamente demostramos, por NADPH-diaforase, que a enucleação ocular altera a distribuição intracelular da ONS. Neste trabalho estudamos o efeito da ablação cortical na expressão da ONS por neurônios das camadas superficiais coliculares. Nossos resultados demonstraram que a ablação cortical altera as proporções dos diferentes tipos celulares ONS positivos mas não a distribuição intracelular da ONS.

Nitric oxide has several biological roles and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is expressed in the nervous system, and co-localizes with NADPH-diaphorase. The superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SC), which receive retinal and cortical inputs, present NADPH-d staining in a sub-population of neurons that include all cell types. We have previously shown, by NADPH-diaphorase, that eye enucleation alters the intracellular distribution of NOS. Here, we studied the effect of cortical ablation on NOS expression by neurons in collicular superficial layers. Our results show that cortical ablation alters the proportion of different NOS-positive cell types, but not the intracellular distribution of the enzyme.